The Bottom Line
It is not possible to complete the crate training process in one single weekend. However, with the right approach you can already get started and establish a positive connection for your puppy. It is very important that you only crate him when he is already tired and ready for a nap. That way, he will quickly associate: crate = rest time.
If you got your puppy from a shelter and he has experienced trauma and stress, it might be that he sleeps a lot during the first week or two. If you can have him take these naps in the crate, you will be off to a great start to training already!
You should not put your puppy into a crate if he is wide awake and ready for action. This would only build up resentment and frustration and lead to problems in the future. Instead, make the crate a comfortable place of rest and relaxation.
You can help your puppy get used to the crate even better in a weekend by making it extra snuggly. Use blankets and stuffed toys to create a welcoming den for your puppy. The more comfortable he feels in the crate, the more he will enjoy taking his naps in there.